Food
Food Culture in Denmark
Similar to many countries, in Denmark there are 3 meals a day; breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Breakfast
Most adults start their day with coffee or tea paired with rye or white bread with cheese or jam. Children usually have cereal, muesli, or oatmeal with milk. A junket crumble (ymerdrys) is a mixture of grated rye bread and brown sugar that is unique to Denmark. Small round, flat, or crescent-shaped wheat rolls are only eaten in the morning and can be bought fresh-baked almost anywhere every day of the week. On Sundays or on special occassions like birthdays, fresh-baked breakfast rolls with cheese or jam and wienerbrød (small layered pastries filled with custard) along with fruit juice paired with a glass of Gammel Dansk is served for breakfast. Brunch, an American phenomonon, was introduced in the late 20 century.
Lunch
Lunch is usually eaten outside of the home. It is typically a cold meal; buttered rye bread with various kinds of sausage, hard-boiled egg, or liver paste. Other Danish sandwiches could consist of cold fish such as pickled herring, fried fish with pickles and mayonnaise, cold or warm meats, or vegetable combinations like potatoes and onion and tomato and eggs. Traditional apple cakes are eaten in winter, rhubarb trifle in spring, and thick strawberry soup in the summer.
Dinner
Dinner is called "middag", because it used to be in the middle of the day. Most Danes make an effort to gather the family around a meal every evening at home. Dishes such as salad buffets, baked potatoes, barbecues, turkey and ready-to-serve chicken dishes are a result of American influence and Italian cuisine has also become popular. Pork is the most common kind of meat consumed by Danes; they mainly eat mince and cuts for pan-frying with traditional gravy and potato dishes.
For more information on Danish food culture and culinary heritege, check out this website!
(Reference: Danish Food Culture)
Where does the food come from?
Denmark is actually a net exporter of food, with dairy products, fish, and meat and meat products as one of their top commodities according to the CIA World Factbook. Most of the food Danes eat comes from their own country. However, they do import some fruits and vegetables, mainly from the Netherlands, France, Italy, and Spain according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Additionally, Denmark is commited to cutting food waste, dedicating resources to organic agriculture, prioritizing safe food, and treating animals humanely (more on that here). They launched an "ambitious" plan to double it's organic farmland by the year 2020 (Scott-Thomas). According to the New York Times, they also pay fast food workers at chain restaurants like McDonald's the eqivalent of $20 an hour, although there is no minimum wage law.
Religion and Food
Food and religion are closely interrwined in Denmark. There are many dishes that are traditionally served as part of religious holidays.
Great Prayer Day
Great Prayer Day consists of a fast and under the law, all trade, work, etc are forbidden on this day. While they fast during that day, they do bake wheat buns that can be heated up and eaten the following day. They also eat the hot buns on the evening before Great Prayer Day.
Easter
Easter food consists of eggs in many different versions along with what is generally regarded as "spring food", i.e. chicken, lamb and vegetables. Easter Lunch is an ordinary Danish lunch with herrings and other kinds of fish, little hot dishes, sliced meats and cheese. With it, most people drink beer and schnapps and the breweries make a special Easter brew.
Christmas Lunches
Most Danes attend Christmas lunches in December which are a traditional way to extend Christmas celebrations out beyond family and to get into a festive mood. The lunches usuall include traditional foods such as smoked salmon, herring or liverpâté with bacon and mushrooms along with a Christmas beer, a celebratory glass of wine, or a shot of Christmas schnapps.
Christmas Dinner
The traditional dinner consists of roast pork, duck, or goose paired with boiled potatoes, red cabbage and gravy. For dessert, the classic dish is ris à l’amande; cold rice pudding with whipped cream, vanilla, almonds and hot cherry sauce.
(Reference: Traditions in Denmark)
Recipe: Ris à L'Amande
Ris à L'Amande is a traditional dessert served around Christmas time in Denmark created near the end of the 19th century. While it can be served as a Dessert on any day, there is a tradition of serving it as part of a "Secret Santa" or "White Elephant" party. Everyone buys a gift and wraps it up without a name of who it's for or who it's from. Then, as everyone eats, they try to find a whole almond. There are many pieces and halves of almonds in the pudding, but you can only pick a gift once you have found a whole almond. The almonds are blanched so that they cannot easily be found. Searching through the pudding isn't allowed, you have to eat until you find a whole one!
Similar to many countries, in Denmark there are 3 meals a day; breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Breakfast
Most adults start their day with coffee or tea paired with rye or white bread with cheese or jam. Children usually have cereal, muesli, or oatmeal with milk. A junket crumble (ymerdrys) is a mixture of grated rye bread and brown sugar that is unique to Denmark. Small round, flat, or crescent-shaped wheat rolls are only eaten in the morning and can be bought fresh-baked almost anywhere every day of the week. On Sundays or on special occassions like birthdays, fresh-baked breakfast rolls with cheese or jam and wienerbrød (small layered pastries filled with custard) along with fruit juice paired with a glass of Gammel Dansk is served for breakfast. Brunch, an American phenomonon, was introduced in the late 20 century.
Lunch
Lunch is usually eaten outside of the home. It is typically a cold meal; buttered rye bread with various kinds of sausage, hard-boiled egg, or liver paste. Other Danish sandwiches could consist of cold fish such as pickled herring, fried fish with pickles and mayonnaise, cold or warm meats, or vegetable combinations like potatoes and onion and tomato and eggs. Traditional apple cakes are eaten in winter, rhubarb trifle in spring, and thick strawberry soup in the summer.
Dinner
Dinner is called "middag", because it used to be in the middle of the day. Most Danes make an effort to gather the family around a meal every evening at home. Dishes such as salad buffets, baked potatoes, barbecues, turkey and ready-to-serve chicken dishes are a result of American influence and Italian cuisine has also become popular. Pork is the most common kind of meat consumed by Danes; they mainly eat mince and cuts for pan-frying with traditional gravy and potato dishes.
For more information on Danish food culture and culinary heritege, check out this website!
(Reference: Danish Food Culture)
Where does the food come from?
Denmark is actually a net exporter of food, with dairy products, fish, and meat and meat products as one of their top commodities according to the CIA World Factbook. Most of the food Danes eat comes from their own country. However, they do import some fruits and vegetables, mainly from the Netherlands, France, Italy, and Spain according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Additionally, Denmark is commited to cutting food waste, dedicating resources to organic agriculture, prioritizing safe food, and treating animals humanely (more on that here). They launched an "ambitious" plan to double it's organic farmland by the year 2020 (Scott-Thomas). According to the New York Times, they also pay fast food workers at chain restaurants like McDonald's the eqivalent of $20 an hour, although there is no minimum wage law.
Religion and Food
Food and religion are closely interrwined in Denmark. There are many dishes that are traditionally served as part of religious holidays.
Great Prayer Day
Great Prayer Day consists of a fast and under the law, all trade, work, etc are forbidden on this day. While they fast during that day, they do bake wheat buns that can be heated up and eaten the following day. They also eat the hot buns on the evening before Great Prayer Day.
Easter
Easter food consists of eggs in many different versions along with what is generally regarded as "spring food", i.e. chicken, lamb and vegetables. Easter Lunch is an ordinary Danish lunch with herrings and other kinds of fish, little hot dishes, sliced meats and cheese. With it, most people drink beer and schnapps and the breweries make a special Easter brew.
Christmas Lunches
Most Danes attend Christmas lunches in December which are a traditional way to extend Christmas celebrations out beyond family and to get into a festive mood. The lunches usuall include traditional foods such as smoked salmon, herring or liverpâté with bacon and mushrooms along with a Christmas beer, a celebratory glass of wine, or a shot of Christmas schnapps.
Christmas Dinner
The traditional dinner consists of roast pork, duck, or goose paired with boiled potatoes, red cabbage and gravy. For dessert, the classic dish is ris à l’amande; cold rice pudding with whipped cream, vanilla, almonds and hot cherry sauce.
(Reference: Traditions in Denmark)
Recipe: Ris à L'Amande
Ris à L'Amande is a traditional dessert served around Christmas time in Denmark created near the end of the 19th century. While it can be served as a Dessert on any day, there is a tradition of serving it as part of a "Secret Santa" or "White Elephant" party. Everyone buys a gift and wraps it up without a name of who it's for or who it's from. Then, as everyone eats, they try to find a whole almond. There are many pieces and halves of almonds in the pudding, but you can only pick a gift once you have found a whole almond. The almonds are blanched so that they cannot easily be found. Searching through the pudding isn't allowed, you have to eat until you find a whole one!
Religion
![Picture](/uploads/8/8/9/5/88953488/belief-in-god.png?1477623881)
While it is not the only major religion in Denmark, Christianity in the form of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark, or "Folkekirken", is the most prominent. Other major religions in Denmark include Judaism, Islam, and even Buddhism. Islam is the second largest due to immigration, but it still only makes up only approximately 3-4% of the population. With Christianity making up close to 80% of the population and being an important influence on culture and society in Denmark, I am going to focus on Christianity. “Compared with most other countries in the world, Denmark’s societal institutions and popular mentality have been shaped by Christianity to an exceptional degree” (Religion in Denmark). The Evangelical Lutheran Peoples Church of Denmark is considered to be the official religion of Denmark. While many Danes do not consider themselves to be religious in 21st century Denmark, religion still plays a key role in the lives of Danes.
Origins
Though the country is so heavily influenced by Christianity today, they were not always a Christian dominated country. Long before Christianity took over, Danes worshipped gods of the Norse religion, the most popular and well known being Thor, the god of thunder as well as the protector of mankind, and Odin, the god of healing, death, and knowledge (Berend). The official conversion to Christianity occurred in 965 A.D. with King Harald Bluetooth (Berend).
Christianity’s “birth certificate” dates back to 965 A.D. and the Jelling Stone. The Jelling Stone was a Rune, one of three that King Harald Bluetooth had made to honor his father King Gorm the Old and Thyra Dannebod. The inscription on the Jelling Stone reads; “Harald King had these stones made after Gorm his father and Thyra his mother - that Harald who won all Denmark and Norway and made the Danes Christian” (Religion in Denmark). Eventually, people were no longer permitted to worship the pagan gods, forcing them to convert to Christianity (Berend). By the end of the 11th Century, almost all Pegan burial customs had disappeared (Sawyer & Sawyer).
Origins
Though the country is so heavily influenced by Christianity today, they were not always a Christian dominated country. Long before Christianity took over, Danes worshipped gods of the Norse religion, the most popular and well known being Thor, the god of thunder as well as the protector of mankind, and Odin, the god of healing, death, and knowledge (Berend). The official conversion to Christianity occurred in 965 A.D. with King Harald Bluetooth (Berend).
Christianity’s “birth certificate” dates back to 965 A.D. and the Jelling Stone. The Jelling Stone was a Rune, one of three that King Harald Bluetooth had made to honor his father King Gorm the Old and Thyra Dannebod. The inscription on the Jelling Stone reads; “Harald King had these stones made after Gorm his father and Thyra his mother - that Harald who won all Denmark and Norway and made the Danes Christian” (Religion in Denmark). Eventually, people were no longer permitted to worship the pagan gods, forcing them to convert to Christianity (Berend). By the end of the 11th Century, almost all Pegan burial customs had disappeared (Sawyer & Sawyer).
Societal Role
While Folkekirken still plays a role in all the major life events, 21st century Denmark has seen a rise in Islam. This is due to the large immigration of peoples from Pakistan and Turkey during the 70’s and 80’s, when workers were needed for many of the lower paying jobs that the Danes did not want (Rytter). Many Danes now are third and fourth generation Muslims, and the first Mosque was built in Denmark in 1967. Denmark also has Roman Catholic Churches and Synagogues, prior to the Reformation in 1536 Denmark was considered to be Roman Catholic, after Reformation Evangelical Lutheran Church became the official religion.
During the 19th Century a movement began led by Bishop Grundtvig to educate and “awaken” the impoverish peasantry (N.F.S. Grundtvig). This led to the building of Folk High Schools, in order to create a sense of national pride the school would teach Christian belief and peasant culture.
The major life events such as "Confirmation" at about the age of 14, where high school students attends weekly classes on religious study at their local church with a subsequent "Confirmation" into "Folkekirken" is still the norm. Weddings and Christenings are likewise celebrated at the local church. Funerals services are also held at the local church with burial or cremation. Also during the mid 19th Century another movement began to go back to the roots of biblical study, personal faith and a focus on living a sin -free life. This movement was known an Indre Mission and exists today, although a minority within the church.
While Folkekirken still plays a role in all the major life events, 21st century Denmark has seen a rise in Islam. This is due to the large immigration of peoples from Pakistan and Turkey during the 70’s and 80’s, when workers were needed for many of the lower paying jobs that the Danes did not want (Rytter). Many Danes now are third and fourth generation Muslims, and the first Mosque was built in Denmark in 1967. Denmark also has Roman Catholic Churches and Synagogues, prior to the Reformation in 1536 Denmark was considered to be Roman Catholic, after Reformation Evangelical Lutheran Church became the official religion.
During the 19th Century a movement began led by Bishop Grundtvig to educate and “awaken” the impoverish peasantry (N.F.S. Grundtvig). This led to the building of Folk High Schools, in order to create a sense of national pride the school would teach Christian belief and peasant culture.
The major life events such as "Confirmation" at about the age of 14, where high school students attends weekly classes on religious study at their local church with a subsequent "Confirmation" into "Folkekirken" is still the norm. Weddings and Christenings are likewise celebrated at the local church. Funerals services are also held at the local church with burial or cremation. Also during the mid 19th Century another movement began to go back to the roots of biblical study, personal faith and a focus on living a sin -free life. This movement was known an Indre Mission and exists today, although a minority within the church.
![Picture](/uploads/8/8/9/5/88953488/1477626451.png)
Sacred Places
The Church of the Holy Ghost is one of the oldest in Copenhagen, it began as a Hospital Church in 1296, and became an Abbey under the Popes during the Roman Catholic period. In 1530 after Reformation the church was converted to Lutheran and rebuilt in 1607.
Government and Religion
Danish Church “Folkekirken” is funded through tax dollars and considered the official church of Denmark. While the Constitution of 1853 grants religious freedom and forbids official discrimination in sections 67 and 70 respectively, it also states in section 4 that “The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and) as such, it shall be supported by the State" (Constitution 1953).
Conclusion
The role of Folkekirken in Denmark today is for the majority one of formality and marking of major life events. While there are congregations that attend church weekly, they are generally small in number and mostly consist of either the very old, or the very young. The more active religions in the country would be those that are minorities such as Pentecostal, Judaism, Muslim, and Hindu, these groups have active communities that gather for service on a regular basis to celebrate and practice their religions freely.
Definition of "Social Spending"
"Social expenditure comprises cash benefits, direct in-kind provision of goods and services, and tax breaks with social purposes."
"Social expenditure comprises cash benefits, direct in-kind provision of goods and services, and tax breaks with social purposes."
Changes over time...
Forest Area
Forest area is area under natural or planted trees, whether productive or not. Unlike most countries where forest area went down or stayed the same, Denmark's forest area has actually gone up from 4660 sq. km to 5340 sq. km in 10 years. Denmark is home to many large forests, the largest being Silkeborgskovene which is 224.00 sq. km. Danish forests are beautiful and enchanted looking, which are called Troldeskoven, meaning "troll forests". These forests have magical twisted and warped trees shaped by frost, wind, and dry rot.
Deforestation is a huge environmental problem facing the world today, so Denmark's forest preservation and expansion efforts are crucial. Denmark is focused on a number of environmental strategies and policies as well as sustainability projects.
Forest area is area under natural or planted trees, whether productive or not. Unlike most countries where forest area went down or stayed the same, Denmark's forest area has actually gone up from 4660 sq. km to 5340 sq. km in 10 years. Denmark is home to many large forests, the largest being Silkeborgskovene which is 224.00 sq. km. Danish forests are beautiful and enchanted looking, which are called Troldeskoven, meaning "troll forests". These forests have magical twisted and warped trees shaped by frost, wind, and dry rot.
Deforestation is a huge environmental problem facing the world today, so Denmark's forest preservation and expansion efforts are crucial. Denmark is focused on a number of environmental strategies and policies as well as sustainability projects.
Age of 1st Marriage
This is the mean age, in years, of the first marriage for women. I chose this interesting population statistic because of what I have previously read about Danes being very open-minded when it comes to love, marriage, and gender roles. Since I decided to only compare Denmark to the US for this one, because, for one, the map including all countries is rather difficult to comprehend, and two, I felt only one country was really needed for this specific comparison.
According to Zoe Weiner, male-female relationships start very early in Denmark and are encouraged and there are very few stereotypes for men and women and almost no gender roles (more on this here). The average age of a woman's first marriage went from 28.4 in 1995 to 30.6 in 2004, whereas it remained almost the same, 25, in the United States. Many people in the United States might consider 30 to be rather late to get married, but it seems people in the US are getting married at younger and younger ages, while Denmark encourages open relationships and the many couples chose to just live together without being married. The age for first marriage is getting older in Denmark. Since this graph does not include those who chose not to get married, marriage may even be an uncommon practice in the future.
This is the mean age, in years, of the first marriage for women. I chose this interesting population statistic because of what I have previously read about Danes being very open-minded when it comes to love, marriage, and gender roles. Since I decided to only compare Denmark to the US for this one, because, for one, the map including all countries is rather difficult to comprehend, and two, I felt only one country was really needed for this specific comparison.
According to Zoe Weiner, male-female relationships start very early in Denmark and are encouraged and there are very few stereotypes for men and women and almost no gender roles (more on this here). The average age of a woman's first marriage went from 28.4 in 1995 to 30.6 in 2004, whereas it remained almost the same, 25, in the United States. Many people in the United States might consider 30 to be rather late to get married, but it seems people in the US are getting married at younger and younger ages, while Denmark encourages open relationships and the many couples chose to just live together without being married. The age for first marriage is getting older in Denmark. Since this graph does not include those who chose not to get married, marriage may even be an uncommon practice in the future.
Country Demographic Data
Economy: Labor force - by occupation
agriculture: 2.6% industry: 20.3% services: 77.1% (2011 est.) Economy: Population below poverty line13.4% (2011 est.) Communications: Internet users total: 5.377 million percent of population: 96.3% (July 2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 62 Transportation: Railways total: 2,633 km standard gauge: 2,633 km 1.435-m gauge (642 km electrified) (2015) country comparison to the world: 66 |
Transportation: Airports
total: paved; 28, unpaved; 52 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: paved; 12, unpaved; 4 under 914 m: paved; 2 (2013), unpaved; 47 (2013) Military and Security: Expenditures 1.2% of GDP (2015) 1.37% of GDP (2013) 1.35% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 71 Disputes - international - Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 12,988 (Syria) (2015) stateless persons: 6,580 (2015) |
Additional Information
Denmark.dk - The Official Website of Denmark
This website has everything about culture in Denmark, from architecture to fashion; film to sports. It also features a page on traditions and holidays, as well has how Danes live, as well as why Denmark was ranked the happiest nation in the world by the UN's World Happiness Report 2016 Update. It even includes nine tips for those new to Denmark, which shows a lot about day-to-day life. This is a very valuable website because it really offers a peak into the everyday lives of the Danish people. Since it is the official website fun by Denmark, it is probably one of the most reliable sources one could find on this subject. This website features every aspect of culture, Art & Aesthetics, Economics, Education, Politics & Public Life, Religion, and Social Arrangements.
Study in Denmark
Similar to the Official Website, this website has a lot of information on day to day life and offers a unique inside perspective of Denmark. There is general information about Denmark as well as a page on the lifestyle; biking and being "green" is very important to many Danes. There is even a page on what Danes are like; they avoid superficiality, and are outspoken and punctual. It also explains the word ‘hygge’, which roughly translates to "a state of cosiness, warmth and relaxation in the company of someone you care about, often involving eating and drinking". Since this website is about studying in Denmark, it obviously has a lot of information on Education, as well as Public Life, Politics, and Economics.
This website has everything about culture in Denmark, from architecture to fashion; film to sports. It also features a page on traditions and holidays, as well has how Danes live, as well as why Denmark was ranked the happiest nation in the world by the UN's World Happiness Report 2016 Update. It even includes nine tips for those new to Denmark, which shows a lot about day-to-day life. This is a very valuable website because it really offers a peak into the everyday lives of the Danish people. Since it is the official website fun by Denmark, it is probably one of the most reliable sources one could find on this subject. This website features every aspect of culture, Art & Aesthetics, Economics, Education, Politics & Public Life, Religion, and Social Arrangements.
Study in Denmark
Similar to the Official Website, this website has a lot of information on day to day life and offers a unique inside perspective of Denmark. There is general information about Denmark as well as a page on the lifestyle; biking and being "green" is very important to many Danes. There is even a page on what Danes are like; they avoid superficiality, and are outspoken and punctual. It also explains the word ‘hygge’, which roughly translates to "a state of cosiness, warmth and relaxation in the company of someone you care about, often involving eating and drinking". Since this website is about studying in Denmark, it obviously has a lot of information on Education, as well as Public Life, Politics, and Economics.
Sources:
Web:
Alderman, L., & Greenhouse, S. (2014, October 27). Living Wages, Rarity for U.S. Fast-Food Workers, Served Up in Denmark. Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/business/international/living-wages-served-in-denmark-fast-food-restaurants.html
Danish Food Culture. (n.d.). Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://denmark.dk/en/lifestyle/food-drink/danish-food-culture
Denmark - FAO Corporate Document Repository. (n.d.). Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/Y1669E/y1669e07.htm
Denmark 1953. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2016, from https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Denmark_1953
Economics and Public Life. Social protection - Social spending - OECD Data. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2016, from https://data.oecd.org/socialexp/social-spending.htm
N.F.S. Grundtvig. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2016, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/N-F-S-Grundtvig
Religion in Denmark. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2016, from http://denmark.dk/en/society/religion/
Rytter, M. (2004, November). Marriage and Social technology: Problems and solutions among Pakistanis in Denmark. Retrieved October 27, 2016, from http://www.amid.dk/ocs/viewpaper.php?id=20&cf=1
Scott-Thomas, C. (2015, February 02). Denmark launches 'most ambitious' organic plan. Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://www.foodnavigator.com/Policy/Denmark-launches-most-ambitious-organic-plan
The World Factbook: DENMARK. (n.d.). Retrieved October 02, 2016, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/da.html
Traditions in Denmark. (n.d.). Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://denmark.dk/en/meet-the-danes/traditions
Zoe Weiner March 12, 2012 2 comments. (n.d.). Love and Relationships in the "Happiest Country in the World" Retrieved September 27, 2016, from https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/posts/love-and-relationships-in-the-happiest-country-in-the-world
Books:
Berend, N. (2007). Christianization and the rise of Christian monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' c. 900-1200. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Sawyer, B., & Sawyer, P. H. (1993). Medieval Scandinavia: From conversion to Reformation, circa 800-1500. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Alderman, L., & Greenhouse, S. (2014, October 27). Living Wages, Rarity for U.S. Fast-Food Workers, Served Up in Denmark. Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/business/international/living-wages-served-in-denmark-fast-food-restaurants.html
Danish Food Culture. (n.d.). Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://denmark.dk/en/lifestyle/food-drink/danish-food-culture
Denmark - FAO Corporate Document Repository. (n.d.). Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/Y1669E/y1669e07.htm
Denmark 1953. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2016, from https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Denmark_1953
Economics and Public Life. Social protection - Social spending - OECD Data. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2016, from https://data.oecd.org/socialexp/social-spending.htm
N.F.S. Grundtvig. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2016, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/N-F-S-Grundtvig
Religion in Denmark. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2016, from http://denmark.dk/en/society/religion/
Rytter, M. (2004, November). Marriage and Social technology: Problems and solutions among Pakistanis in Denmark. Retrieved October 27, 2016, from http://www.amid.dk/ocs/viewpaper.php?id=20&cf=1
Scott-Thomas, C. (2015, February 02). Denmark launches 'most ambitious' organic plan. Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://www.foodnavigator.com/Policy/Denmark-launches-most-ambitious-organic-plan
The World Factbook: DENMARK. (n.d.). Retrieved October 02, 2016, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/da.html
Traditions in Denmark. (n.d.). Retrieved December 02, 2016, from http://denmark.dk/en/meet-the-danes/traditions
Zoe Weiner March 12, 2012 2 comments. (n.d.). Love and Relationships in the "Happiest Country in the World" Retrieved September 27, 2016, from https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/posts/love-and-relationships-in-the-happiest-country-in-the-world
Books:
Berend, N. (2007). Christianization and the rise of Christian monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' c. 900-1200. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Sawyer, B., & Sawyer, P. H. (1993). Medieval Scandinavia: From conversion to Reformation, circa 800-1500. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.